臺東蘇鐵

蘇鐵科

學名:Cycas taitungensis C. F. Shen et al.

英名:Taiwan Cycas

別名:臺灣蘇鐵、臺灣鳳尾蕉、海鐵鷗

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特色簡介 Feature Description

臺東蘇鐵是臺灣唯一的原生蘇鐵類植物,分佈於臺東地區海拔600公尺以下的山坡,政府為此成立「臺東紅葉村—臺東蘇鐵自然保留區」進行保育。臺東蘇鐵與臺灣杉、臺灣穗花杉、臺灣海棗並稱為「臺灣四大奇木」。普遍栽培的琉球蘇鐵形態與臺東蘇鐵類似,但是琉球蘇鐵的葉緣會反捲,臺東蘇鐵則不會反捲,用手輕摸就可以分辨兩者的不同。

Taitung cycad is the only native cycad plant in Taiwan and distributed on hillsides below 600 meters above sea level in Taitung area. Because of the scarcity, the government established the "Taitung Hongye Village - Taitung Cycad Nature Reserve" for conservation. Taitung Cycad, Taiwania Cryptomerioides, Taiwan catkin-yew, and Taiwan Date Palm are collectively called "Taiwan's Four Wonderful Trees." The commonly cultivated Sago cycad is similar in shape to Taitung cycad, but the leaf of Sago cycad curls downward, while Taitung cycad does not, the two plants can be distinguished by gently touching it.

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簡介 Description

蘇鐵屬常綠灌木,臺灣特有種,分佈台東。樹高1~4.5m,莖柱狀,單一或罕分歧,主幹粗大密被有葉柄殘留之木質基部(葉痕)。一回羽狀複葉,螺旋叢生排列於莖頂,形成冠狀;小葉線狀長橢圓形,葉基銳形,葉尖鈍形,葉柄基部宿存,全緣。單性花,雌雄異株;雄毬花序長圓錐柱形,頂生;雌毬花序球形,頂生;種子核果狀,扁倒卵形,外種皮為朱紅色。

An evergreen shrub in the genus Cycas, endemic to Taiwan, distributed in Taitung. The tree is 1~4.5m tall with columnar stem, single or rarely divergent. The trunk is thick and covered with wooden base (leaf marks) left by the petiole. Single pinnately compound leaf with spirally-arranged clusters borne at the top of the stem to form a coronal shape; leaflets linearly oblong, leaf base acute, apex blunt, and the base of petiole persistent. Unisexual flowers, dioecious; male inflorescences long-conical, and apical; female ones spherical and apical. The seed is a drupe shaped obovate with crimson exocarp.

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栽培 Cultivation

一般生長在排水良好之石塊坡地上及溪流兩岸,全日照生長良好,半日照環境亦可種植。種植需注意蘇鐵白輪盾介殼蟲與蘇鐵小灰蝶的危害。

Commonly grown on the slopes of well-drained rock blocks and both sides of the stream, growing well with full-day sunlight, also adaptable to partial sun environments. Watch for the damage by Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi and Chilades pandava peripatria.

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應用 Application

臺灣特有種,具有生態保育與教育意義,原產地之一的「臺東紅葉村臺東蘇鐵自然保留區」,為重要的保護棲地。樹形優美,可作為綠美化觀賞用。

Taiwan's endemic species, with ecological conservation and educational significance. "Taitung Hongye Village Taidong Sutie Natural Reserve" is one of its native habitats as well as an important conservation center. The tree shape is elegant and can be used in greenification.